A Case Report of Tracheoesophageal Fistula in Esophageal Carcinoma

Abstract

A tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a congenital or acquired communication between the trachea and esophagus. Acquired TEFs may occur in individuals of any age, and elderly individuals are at increased risk. Causative factors of acquired TEFs include malignancy, trauma and various iatrogenic causes.

The advanced esophageal carcinoma can be complicated by fistulas. Pathological communication between the esophagus and adjacent structures caused by the neoplastic process is also called a malignant esophageal fistula. According to published data, the incidence rate of malignant esophageal fistulas is about 13%.