Expert Panel Opinion on Nutritional Management of Sarcopenia in Cancer Patients

Abstract

Sarcopenia is a widely prevalent skeletal muscle condition that progresses over time and is associated with adverse outcomes. It is characterized by an accelerated loss of muscle mass and functional ability. Proposed causes of sarcopenia include aging, physical inactivity, malnutrition, hormonal disturbances, inflammation, and neurodegenerative changes. According to the IAPEN INDIA (India Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition), nutritional management should be integrated into the diagnostic process for all chronic diseases, including cancer. Studies recommend aggressive nutritional management, providing an energy intake of >30 kcal/kg/day and protein intake of >1.2g/kg/day for patients with sarcopenia. Published literature suggests that adequate intake of antioxidants, such as vitamin D, E, and C, along with Omega-3 fatty acids, creatine, and L-carnitine, might be beneficial for preserving and improving sarcopenia, and functional outcomes. In summary, nutritional management complemented with resistance exercise, under strict supervision, is key to preventing and treating sarcopenia in cancer patients.