One-Health Approach to Determine and Tackle AntimicrobialResistance in the Human Dairy Interface: A Case of Non-TyphoidalSalmonella and Lactose-Fermenting Enterobacteriaceae

Authors

  • Achenef Melaku Beyene Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. Author
  • Mucheye Gizachew Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. Author
  • Ahmed E Yousef Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Ohio, Columbus, United States of America Author
  • Baye Gelaw Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47363/JCMRM/2025(3)126

Keywords:

Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, Lactose Fermenting Enterobacteriaceae, Human-Dairy Interface, Multidrug-Resistance, Non-Typhoidal Salmonella, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the top public health concerns globally. Determining the susceptibility pattern of pathogens is important in designing strategies to combat AMR. Thus, this study was designed to determine the AMR pattern of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and lactose fermenting Enterobacteriaceae (LFE) isolated from the human-dairy interface in the northwestern part of Ethiopia, where such information is lacking.
Methods
The study analysed 362 samples collected from humans, animals, food (milk) and the environment (sewage). The bacteria were isolated from the samples using standardized bacteriological methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production ability were screened and confirmed by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The isolates were further characterized enotypically using multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting the three ESBL-encoding genes.
Results
A total of 28 and 375 NTS and LFE bacterial isolates were identified. Isolates were more resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline. Forty-six point four and
70.7% of NTS and LFE were multidrug resistant (MDR), respectively. None of NTS and 21.3% of LFE were ESBL-producing. Genotypically, the majority
of the isolates (97.5%), which were positive on the phenotypic test, were carrying one or more ESBL encoding genes. In conclusion, a high proportion of the bacterial isolates were resistant to commonly used antimicrobials, MDR, and were positive for ESBL production.
Conclusion
The findings provide evidence that the human-dairy interface is one of the important reservoirs of AMR traits and intervention points to reduce AMR.
Therefore, the implementation of AMR mitigation strategies in a one-health approach is highly needed in the area.

Author Biographies

  • Achenef Melaku Beyene, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

    Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

  • Mucheye Gizachew, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

    Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

  • Ahmed E Yousef, Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Ohio, Columbus, United States of America

    Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Ohio, Columbus, United States of America

  • Baye Gelaw, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

    Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

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Published

2025-07-28

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): Volume 3 Issue 4

Section

Articles