Current Immunotherapy Treatments and Researches Regarding HPV-Positive HNSCC, a Revue of the Literature

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a distinct and intriguing subset of HNSCCs. This comprehensive review article explores the genetic and clinical aspects of HPV-positive HNSCC, shedding light on its unique characteristics and clinical implications and its difference from HPV-negative HNSCC. We delve into the etiological factors underlying HPV infection in HNSCC, emphasizing the role of high-risk HPV types, especially HPV-16. HPV-driven tumorigenesis through the E6 and E7 oncoproteins and their impact on key tumor suppressor genes, such as p53 and Rb, is discussed, highlighting the relatively lower mutation burden in these tumors compared to HPV-negative HNSCC. This article also explores ongoing research efforts, genomic profiling, and emerging targeted therapies tailored specifically for HPV-positive HNSCC. A deeper understanding of the unique genetic landscape of these tumors offers promising prospects for personalized treatment strategies and improved outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic mutations, clinical features, and potential therapeutic avenues in the realm of HPV positive HNSCC, emphasizing the need for continued research to advance our knowledge and treatment options in this distinctive subset of head and neck cancers.