Implantable Triboelectric Nanogenerators in the Biomedical Field

Abstract

Implantable Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs) have revolutionized the biomedical field by providing innovative power solutions for medical devices and enhancing diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Internally implanted TENG transforms kinetic energy from the body into electrical power, providing a constant energy supply for Implantable Medical Devices (IMD). Their ability to generate high voltage and low current makes them particularly effective for applications in biosensing, patient monitoring, and therapeutic interventions. Therapeutically, TENGs power cardiac pacemakers, promote wound healing, enhance bone regeneration, and support muscle and nerve stimulation. They also enable controlled drug release, particularly in targeted cancer treatments.

This paper reviews the working principle, operation mode and the importance of material selection of implantable TENG for biomedical applications, emphasizing biocompatibility, stability and flexibility. Recent advances in TENG materials and technologies are highlighted, showcasing their potential in biomedical applications and addressing future development challenges.