Cybersecurity Governance in Tanzania: Assessing Legal and Institutional Responses to Rising Cybercrime

Abstract

The rapid expansion of digital technologies in Tanzania has brought significant socio-economic benefits, but it has also introduced new challenges, particularly the rise of cybercrime. This article examines the evolving landscape of cybercrime in Tanzania through a cybersecurity governance lens, analyzing prevalent threats such as financial fraud, identity theft, and cyberterrorism, as well as the legal and institutional frameworks designed to combat these crimes. Despite the enactment of the Cybercrimes Act (2015), Tanzania faces persistent challenges, including inadequate enforcement, limited public awareness, and jurisdictional complexities. Drawing on a systematic review of recent studies (2018-2024) and Tanzanian case reports, this article highlights the urgent need for comprehensive legal reforms, enhanced cybersecurity infrastructure, and international cooperation. Recommendations include updating legislation to align with the Budapest Convention, launching targeted public awareness campaigns, and fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration to safeguard Tanzania's digital future.