Prevalence and Associated Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Flood-Displaced Persons in Oguta, Southeastern Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Flooding can disrupt water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) systems and increase exposure to intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) among displaced populations. This study assessed the prevalence, parasite distribution, and selected factors associated with IPIs among persons displaced by the 2023 flooding in Oguta Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 flood-displaced persons residing in temporary settlements across five flood-affected communities between November 2023 and February 2024. Socio-demographic, environmental, and behavioral data were collected using structured questionnaires. Stool specimens were examined using direct wet-mount microscopy and the formal-ether concentration technique. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square tests were used to assess prevalence and bivariate associations.

Results: IPIs were detected in 246 participants (54.7%). The most frequently detected parasites were hookworm (19.6%), Ascaris lumbricoides (16.0%), Trichuris trichiura (12.4%), and Strongyloides stercoralis (6.7%). Infection prevalence varied significantly by age, with the highest prevalence among participants aged 11–20 years (73.9%; p < 0.001). Prevalence was similar among males (55.0%) and females (54.3%; p = 0.88). Significant bivariate associations were observed between infection and untreated surface-water use, open defecation, and barefoot exposure (all p < 0.001).

Conclusion: A substantial burden of IPIs was observed among flood-displaced persons in Oguta LGA. The findings highlight the need for integrated post-flood interventions combining safe water, emergency sanitation, hygiene promotion, parasite diagnosis and treatment, surveillance, and community health education.