Relative Fluctuations of Energy in Molecules with Permanent Electric Dipole Moment in the Presence of an Electric Field

Abstract

In this work uses the Maxwell-Boltzmann in which the accessible quantum states of a set of particles are considered to explain the behavior of a system made up of N molecules with permanent electric dipole moment in the presence of an external electric field. The effect of temperature on the thermal capacity of the system is discussed, and relative energy fluctuations at the high and low temperature limits are studied. In this review paper it is found that the fluctuation will always be inversely proportional to the number of molecules in the system, which means that for N molecules the energy will always be completely determined.