Reviewing Zero Point Energy Developments Plus some Unexpected Outcomes

Abstract

This review begins with Max Planck’s papers of 1901 and 1911 which resulted in Quantum Electro-Dynamics (QED Physics) and Stochastic Electro-Dynamics (SED physics) respectively. The second paper introduced the Zero Point Energy (ZPE), as a real physical entity, which is intrinsic to the vacuum, and whose strength is given by Planck’s constant ‘h’. The evidence suggested that the ZPE originated with universal expansion, and, as expansion continued, its strength increased. It has since been shown that the ZPE controls the electric and magnetic properties of the vacuum, so these properties are uniformly affected by cosmic expansion. Data from 6 different physical quantities, which are ZPE related, support this contention. In addition, four unexpected outcomes are explored that also support this approach, and may potentially resolve some related scientific puzzles.