Indra in the Global High-Tech Economy: Anatomy of A Strategic Transformation (2005–2025)

Abstract

This article analyses Indra’s trajectory as a Spanish high-tech company in the defence, transport and information technology sectors, from one of its 
turning points in 2005 to its consolidation as a multinational company present in more than 140 countries in 2025. The aim of the study is to examine 
how the interaction between the state, markets and private actors determined its evolution, highlighting the phases of birth, restructuring, growth and internationalisation. The methodology combines the analysis of corporate reports, sustainability reports, investor presentations and secondary sources, which are certainly scarce, allowing us to reconstruct a detailed picture of the business and institutional dynamics.