Tumor Cell Behavior: Integrating Microbiome, Lifestyle, and Molecular Transformations in Cancer Development and Therapy Response

Abstract

Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The transformation of a normal cell into a malignant one is a complex, multistep process influenced by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. While the genetic and molecular underpinnings of cancer have been extensively studied, there is increasing recognition of the importance of the tumor microenvironment, the human microbiome, and lifestyle factors in modulating tumor cell behavior and response to therapy [1,2]. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifactorial nature of tumor cell behavior, integrating recent insights from molecular biology, microbiome research, and lifestyle medicine.