Dual Solutions of Casson Tetra Hybrid Nanofluid Flow with Homogenous-Heterogenous Reactions in a Porous Curved Surface with the Inclusion of Deformable Roughness
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47363/JEAST/2026(8)353Keywords:
Casson Tetra-Hybrid Nanofluid, Porous Curved Surface, Dual Solutions, Stability Analysis, Similarity Transformation, Darcy-Forchheimer Model, Nonlinear Mixed Convection, Slip Boundary Condition, Homogeneous– Heterogeneous Reactions, Heat Transfer Enhancement, Non- Newtonian Fluid Flow, Nusselt Number BehaviorAbstract
• This study investigates thermal conductivity enhancement and improved heat transfer performance, which are vital in advanced industrial processes, engineering applications, and electronics cooling systems.
• A stability analysis is conducted for dual solutions of Casson tetra-hybrid nanofluid flow over a porous curved surface in the presence of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.
• The non-Newtonian Casson model, integrated with the Tiwari–Das nanoparticle formulation, is utilized to analyze the influence of nanoparticle volume fraction, Darcy–Forchheimer drag, nonlinear mixed convection, magnetic field, mass suction/injection, slip effects, and convective boundary conditions on the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions, as well as on skin friction and Nusselt number behavior.
• Similarity transformations are applied to convert the governing equations into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are then solved using the MATLAB bvp4c numerical solver.
• The findings reveal that the Forchheimer drag, slip velocity, and Casson parameters exhibit similar effects on velocity, whereas mixed and nonlinear convection parameters demonstrate opposing effects.
• Tetra-hybrid nanofluids provide significantly greater heat transfer improvement than hybrid and tri-hybrid nanofluids. Enhancements in homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction parameters lead to a reduction in the dual concentration solutions.
• Moreover, the first solution of the skin friction coefficient decreases, while the dual Nusselt number solutions increase under the effects of mass suction/injection, local porosity, mixed convection, slip velocity, and Casson parameters.
• Stability analysis confirms the physical reliability of the first solution and the instability of the second solution.
• Grid independence checks and strong agreement with previously published data further validate the accuracy and robustness of the numerical results.
