Epidemiological Study of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Selected Districts of Western Amhara Region

Abstract

A cross sectional and retrospective epidemiological study were conducted from November 2015 to March 2016 in five selected districts of Western Amhara Region, to estimate the seroprevalence of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, identify the predisposing factors for the occurrence of the disease and to describe the distribution of the disease. Systematic random sampling was used to sample individual animals. A total of 328 sera were tested for the presence of specific antibodies against Mycoplasma mycoides sub species mycoides small colony (Mmmsc), using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The risk factors that were evaluated in this study were location, agro ecology, age, sex, and body condition. The overall seroprevalence in this study was 21.04% (95% Confidence interval: 16.6, 25.5). The seroprevalence of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia at the district level was 13.4%, 20%, 21.6%, 19.4% and 28.6% in West Belessa, Fogera, Mecha, Javie-Tenan, and Guangua districts, respectively. Seroprevalence variation was not statistically significant (p> 0.05) among the study districts. Significant variation was observed only between West Belessa and Guangua districts in univariable analysis. Among the putative host and environment related risk factors only body condition was found statistically significant (P<0.05). The outbreak record indicated that Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia outbreaks occurred each year in western Amhara Region with total outbreaks of 11 in the years 2010 to 2014. The highest number of outbreaks was reported in West Gojjam followed by Awi and East Gojjam zone and one outbreak was recorded in both North and South Gondar zones within the five years period. In conclusion, the serological findings and retrospective data analysis indicated that Contagious Bovine Pleuropnemonia is widely distributed and endemic in western Amhara Region and hence appropriate control measures including regular surveillance and vaccination to mitigate the problem should be implemented.