Assessment of Vision Impairments among Licensed Drivers in Mathura: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Background: Driving is a visually intensive task that requires the integration of multiple visual functions to ensure road safety. In India, vision screening protocols for obtaining a driving license are often inadequate or inconsistently enforced. This pilot study was conducted to assess the prevalence and types of vision impairments among licensed drivers in Mathura district.

Objective: To evaluate key visual parameters-glare recovery, night vision, colour vision, visual acuity, phoria, and horizontal visual field-among licensed male drivers and determine their potential impact on driving performance.

Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted at Spexwear Optical & Physiotherapy Centre, Mathura. A total of 198 male drivers aged 18–56 years participated. Standardized tests were conducted to assess visual acuity (Snellen chart), colour vision (Ishihara plates), glare recovery, night vision, phoria, and horizontal field of vision. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests; p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: Visual acuity deficits were noted in 29% of participants (binocular), 33% (right eye), and 25% (left eye). Impairments in glare recovery and night vision were present in 12% and 8% of drivers, respectively. Color vision deficiency was found in 23% of participants, with an additional 13% requiring retesting. Phoria was abnormal in 24%, and 19–20% of drivers showed subnormal horizontal field vision in at least one eye. Most impairments showed statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) with driving fitness.

Conclusion: A significant proportion of licensed drivers in Mathura have unrecognized visual impairments. Comprehensive vision screening should be made mandatory in the driver licensing process to enhance road safety and reduce accident risks.