Efficacy of Occupational Therapy and Sensory Integration in a 5-Year-Old Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. Early intervention, particularly Occupational Therapy (OT) incorporating sensory integration, is critical for improving functional independence. I report the case of a 5-year-old male diagnosed with ASD, presenting with profound social communication difficulties, lack of eye contact, absent name response, and inability to engage with peers. Additionally, the child exhibited complete dependence in all Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), including feeding, grooming, and toileting. The patient underwent a targeted 6-month occupational therapy program focusing on sensory stimulation, attention-building, and ADL training. Following 6 months of intervention, the patient demonstrated significant clinical improvements, including increased eye contact, emerging name response, improved sustained attention, and the ability to engage in fine motor tasks (simple puzzles, scribbling). He also gained foundational ADL skills and began signaling physiological needs (urination). This case highlights the significant clinical benefits of early, structured occupational therapy and sensory stimulation in improving social, cognitive, and motor function in children with ASD.