The Rising Burden of Diabetes in Jamaica: Challenges and Implications

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus represents a growing public health challenge in Jamaica, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and strain on the healthcare system. This study analyses longitudinal secondary data from national surveys, hospital records, and the International Diabetes Federation spanning 1995–2024 to evaluate trends in prevalence, demographic disparities, and healthcare access. Findings indicate that diabetes prevalence rose from approximately 7.9% in 2007 to 12.5% in 2024 among adults aged 20–79, with higher rates among women and urban populations. Contributing factors include ageing, rising  obesity, nutritional transitions, and limited access to healthcare services. Comparative analysis shows Jamaica’s prevalence exceeds that of Sub-Saharan Africa and Western Europe but remains slightly below North American rates. Despite policy efforts, awareness, treatment, and glycaemic control remain
suboptimal. The study underscores the need for integrated prevention strategies, community-based interventions, and strengthened surveillance systems to curb the growing diabetes burden in Jamaica.