Chitosan Sulfate Nanoparticles Synthesis and Characterization from Penaeus Monodon Exoskeleton

Abstract

Chitosan was extracted from shrimp shell biowaste through a sequential three-step process of deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation, yielding a high-degree-of-deacetylation chitosan precursor that was subsequently sulfated and formulated into nanoparticles. Physicochemical characterization was performed using a complementary suite of analytical techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the structural integrity of the chitosan, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed a rough, porous, and interconnected nanoparticulate morphology, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline structure of chitosan. Biocompatibility assessment conducted using the MTT assay on BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells demonstrated that the nanoparticles maintain cell viability above 90% at low to moderate concentrations. These results collectively establish that shrimp shell waste is a viable sustainable precursor to produce chitosan sulfate nanoparticles with confirmed chemical identity, appropriate nanoscale morphology, and favorable biocompatibility, supporting their further development for drug delivery, antiviral, anticoagulant, and tissue engineering applications. of the chitosan, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed a rough, porous, and interconnected nanoparticulate morphology, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline structure of chitosan. Biocompatibility assessment conducted using the MTT assay on BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells demonstrated that the nanoparticles maintain cell viability above 90% at low to moderate concentrations. These results collectively establish that shrimp shell waste is a viable sustainable precursor to produce chitosan sulfate nanoparticles with confirmed chemical identity, appropriate nanoscale morphology, and favorable biocompatibility, supporting their further development for drug delivery, antiviral, anticoagulant, and tissue engineering applications.