Polymicrobial Chronic Wound Infections and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profiles in Diabetic Patients Attending to Dongola Diabetic Center,Northern State, Sudan 2023-2025

Authors

  • Muslih Haroun Elhussein Gamea Sudan International University, Register of the National Council for Medical and Health Professions, Sudan. Author
  • Romisa Nassr Aldeen Ahmed Alshikh B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan. Author
  • Moram Abdelmoneim Abdelaziz Osman B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan. Author
  • Mehad Ahmed Hammed Ahmed B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan. Author
  • Fatima Abdalbagi Elsedeg Osman B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan. Author
  • Eiman Alamein Aldoom Abdalla B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan. Author
  • Amal Modawi Abdalgaer Modawi B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan. Author
  • Musa Abdalla Ali Mohammed Associate Professor of Medical Microbiology. FMLS, University of Khartoum, Sudan. Author
  • Muslih Haroun Elhussein Gamea Sudan International University, Register of the National Council for Medical and Health Professions, Sudan. Author
  • Ayman Anwar Mohammed Osman Forensic Science Institute, National Ribat University, Sudan. Author
  • Ehab Mohammed Ahmed Elmadenah Professor of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Dongola, Sudan. Author
  • Mohammed Osman Abdelaziz Head Department of Internal Medicine, University of Dongola, Sudan. Author
  • Ahmed Mohamed Farah Shadoul Secretary General Sudan Medical Specialization Board, Sudan. Author
  • Wafa Mohammed Hussein Abuelgasim Faculty Dean of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Assistant Professor of Medical Microbiology, Nile University, Sudan. Author
  • Sara Siddig Ahmed Alsiddig B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan. Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47363/JFTNS/2026(8)226

Keywords:

Bacterial Isolates, Diabetic Foot Ulcers, Dongola, Northern State, Sudan

Abstract

Background: Chronic wounds are frequently infected with multiple bacterial or fungal species, which can both promote or inhibit each other. Network analyses are helpful to understand the interplay of these species in polymicrobial infections. This study aimed to determine bacterial isolates and antibiotic sensitivity in diabetic foot wounds.

Methods: Swabs (n = 160) from chronic wound infections (Dongola diabetic centers, Sudan, 2023–2025) were screened for bacterial isolates using nonselective agars and selective media. Species identification was done with cultural methods and biochemical reactions, antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Network analysis was performed to investigate co- occurrence of different species within one patient. All species with ≥ 105 isolates were taken into account.

Results: Of the 160 specimens from 160 diabetic patients, 88 (55%) were males, 152 (95%) specimens revealed positive bacterial pathogen(s) isolation. According to the gender 86 (97.7%) and 66 (91.6%) females showed positive bacterial pathogen(s) isolation. Positive bacterial pathogen(s) isolation rate in relation to the age groups was 100% in; 19-29, 40-49, 60- 69years and 70-more than years. The isolated bacterial patterns were 34 (22.5%) with a single pathogen, 44 (28.9%) with two pathogens, 52 (34.2%) with three pathogens, 14 (9.9%) with four pathogens, 8 (5.5%) more than four pathogens. The common isolated pathogen was Staphylococcus. Aureus Antimicrobial sensitivity testing of bacterial isolates showed that Imipenem was effective in all bacteria.

Conclusion: The culture of chronic wounds in Dongola diabetic center patients is high and characterized by the co-occurrence of multiple pathogens, more than two pathogens. The broad-spectrum antibacterial agent Imipenem is the most suitable antibiotic for treatment of diabetic wound infections. Further studies including anaerobic bacteria is needed.

Author Biographies

  • Muslih Haroun Elhussein Gamea, Sudan International University, Register of the National Council for Medical and Health Professions, Sudan.

    Muslih Haroun Elhussein Gamea,Sudan International University, Register of the National Council for Medical and Health Professions, Sudan.

  • Romisa Nassr Aldeen Ahmed Alshikh, B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan.

    Romisa Nassr Aldeen Ahmed Alshikh,B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan.

  • Moram Abdelmoneim Abdelaziz Osman, B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan.

    Moram Abdelmoneim Abdelaziz Osman,B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan.

  • Mehad Ahmed Hammed Ahmed, B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan.

    Mehad Ahmed Hammed Ahmed,B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan.

  • Fatima Abdalbagi Elsedeg Osman, B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan.

    Fatima Abdalbagi Elsedeg Osman,B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan.

  • Eiman Alamein Aldoom Abdalla, B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan.

    Eiman Alamein Aldoom Abdalla,B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan.

  • Amal Modawi Abdalgaer Modawi, B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan.

    Amal Modawi Abdalgaer Modawi,B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan.

  • Musa Abdalla Ali Mohammed, Associate Professor of Medical Microbiology. FMLS, University of Khartoum, Sudan.

    Musa Abdalla Ali Mohammed,Associate Professor of Medical Microbiology. FMLS, University of Khartoum, Sudan.

  • Muslih Haroun Elhussein Gamea, Sudan International University, Register of the National Council for Medical and Health Professions, Sudan.

    Muslih Haroun Elhussein Gamea,Sudan International University, Register of the National Council for Medical and Health Professions, Sudan.

  • Ayman Anwar Mohammed Osman, Forensic Science Institute, National Ribat University, Sudan.

    Ayman Anwar Mohammed Osman,Forensic Science Institute, National Ribat University, Sudan.

  • Ehab Mohammed Ahmed Elmadenah, Professor of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Dongola, Sudan.

    Ehab Mohammed Ahmed Elmadenah,Professor of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Dongola, Sudan.

  • Mohammed Osman Abdelaziz, Head Department of Internal Medicine, University of Dongola, Sudan.

    Mohammed Osman Abdelaziz,Head Department of Internal Medicine, University of Dongola, Sudan.

  • Ahmed Mohamed Farah Shadoul, Secretary General Sudan Medical Specialization Board, Sudan.

    Ahmed Mohamed Farah Shadoul,Secretary General Sudan Medical Specialization Board, Sudan.

  • Wafa Mohammed Hussein Abuelgasim, Faculty Dean of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Assistant Professor of Medical Microbiology, Nile University, Sudan.

    Wafa Mohammed Hussein Abuelgasim,Faculty Dean of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Assistant Professor of Medical Microbiology, Nile University, Sudan.

  • Sara Siddig Ahmed Alsiddig, B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan.

    Sara Siddig Ahmed Alsiddig,B.Sc. of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Nile University, Sudan.

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Published

2026-01-09

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Volume 8 Issue 1

Section

Articles